Response on Solid Waste
|
|
|
strategiesNational
policies and strategies
Laws and regulations for solid waste
management
The
list of current regulations is:
-
Directive
No. 199/TTg dated 3/4/1997 on
"Urgent measures to manage solid waste in urban and industrial
areas";
-
Circular
No. 1350/TT-KCM issued in 1995 by the MOSTE giving instruction to
implement the Governmental Decree No. 02-CP dated 5/1/1995 defining the
commodities and services banned from commercial business and the
commodities and services allowed for commercial business under certain
conditions on the domestic market";
-
Decision
No.155/1999/QD-TTg dated 16/7/1999 by the Prime Minister promulgating
Regulation on hazardous waste management
-
Regulation
on Clinic Waste Management was issued by the Ministry of Health in 1999.
Solid
waste management policies
|
Policy on Solid waste management
Policy
for solid waste management will be developed in consistence with
suitable economic tools in order to change the behaviour from
enforcing to encouraging. |
Major
orientations for solid waste management policies in particular and for
environmental protection in general include the
following:
-
Encouraging
the formulation of private companies, co-operatives, private and
state-owned enterprises working on collection, transportation and
treatment of solid waste. Applying favourable financial policies as stated
in Law on encouraging domestic investment. Providing support from
governmental budget to solid waste treatment companies, as solid waste
treatment is compulsory work, there is little opportunity for profit
making and it requires huge initial investment.
-
Employees
working directly with solid waste collection, transportation and treatment
should be put in the heavy and hazardous working category. Hence, wage
policies and hazardous allowance, labour protection must be given proper
consideration.
-
Waste
picking should be considered as a profession. In general, waste pickers
are very helpful for solid waste management as they recover a large
proportion of wastes for recycling and reusing, therefore, this work needs
to be organised and managed.
- Imposing decisive fines in cases of violating Law on
Environmental Protection, regulations in urban sanitation together with
providing proper incentive schemes to encourage good habits in
citizens.
- Encouraging
the application of new and cleaner production process or clean technology.
For existing enterprises, any changes aiming at modernisation of
equipment, production procedures, technology that leads to minimising
wastes in general are considered cleaner production.
- Minimising
of solid wastes at sources by following solutions: optimal use of raw
materials, changing product formulas, reducing packing materials, changing
consuming habits.
Solid waste recycling and reuse
-
Enhance recovery of used products to reuse for the same purpose or others.
- Reusing or reprocessing of solid waste can be
done in concentrated industrial zones based on an information system for
waste exchange as solid waste, in some cases, in one place can be used as
raw material in another place.
The
existing disposal facilities for open dumping of solid waste should be
improved to become sanitary landfills. It is necessary to construct new
sanitary landfills with large capacity that can be used for at least 20
years. These landfills should include the plant designed especially for
toxic and hazardous waste disposal. The construction of toxic waste
disposal plant should conform to international
standards.
- Chemical/Physical treatment
- Stabilisation
- Solidification
Facilities for the treatment of medical hazardous
waste should be created by applying the thermal treatment process or
sterilised methods.
Financial
strategy for solid waste management
Investment requirements for Solid Waste Management in Vietnam up to the Year 2020 are shown in
Requirement
on investment for solid waste management in Vietnam up to the year
2020
|
No. |
Category
of City |
Demand
for investment (billions of VND) |
||
|
2010 |
2011-2020 |
|||
|
1 |
Cities
at national level |
3,300 |
10,000 |
|
|
2 |
Cities
at regional level |
720 |
1,750 |
|
|
3 |
Cities
at provincial level |
910 |
1,350 |
|
|
4 |
At
district level (towns) |
3,600 |
8,000 |
|
|
5 |
New
cities/ towns |
100 |
100 |
|
|
|
Total |
8,630 |
21,200 |
|
Source:
National strategy on urban solid waste management in Vietnam up to 2020
- Ministry of Construction, February
1999.
The future directions on solid waste
management in
Vietnam
|
The
Government of Vietnam has planed a long term development for solid
and hazardous waste management: -
Strengthening
of management capacity on solid waste management for urban
areas; -
Improvement
of street sweeping and cleansing services. Applying the new mode for
improvement of collection efficiency by involvement of private
sectors; -
To
adjust waste collection fees to ensure URENCO can get benefit from
waste management works. -
Establish
transfer stations at suitable locations in order to increase the
efficiency of the vehicles. -
Investment
and construction of sanitary landfills in urban
areas -
Set
- up environmental regulation for municipal sanitary landfill. |
-
Enhance
international cooperation, establish relations and actively take part in
international activities in order to exchange information on solid waste.
Find support for collecting, treating, analysing, and saving data on solid
waste for later comprehensive planning of solid waste management.
Technology transfer in waste management, exchange of experience and
experts and creating opportunities to take part in professional training
and workshops.
-
Co-operate
with ASEAN countries to tighten the control on transboundary movements of
hazardous wastes. The Basel Convention is being implemented in Vietnam.