Conclusion on Air issue
1. Air environment in most urban and industrial areas in Vietnam is heavily polluted by dust. Dust concentration in air exceeds standard limit by 1.3 to 3 times. SO2 concentration in air of surrounding areas of some industries exceed standard limit by 1.1 to 2.7 times. Lead concentration in urban air at some large cross-roads in cities is approximate or equal to the maximum permitted standard. Pollution of CO, CO2, NO2 in air environment and acid rain currently in Vietnam is not a serious problem.
2. The main air pollution emission in Vietnam is
from industries. On the basis of sub-sector of industry it is emissions
from thermoelectric plants, plants and enterprises of cement, building
materials production, and chemical and metallurgical
industries.
3. In response to these problems the Vietnam Government has implemented policies and action plans for air environment protection, as follows : Clean Air Act, EIA for all development projects; effective control of pollution in all enterprise that generate serious pollution; using cleaner production technologies; using unleaded petrol for transportation; raising efficiency of energy use and products; mitigating "green house" gases, strengthening automatic air monitoring, etc. However, the budget for implementing these actions is still limited. Hence, support fund from international organisations and foreign countries for air environmental protection is important.