ACTIONS

This section is based on the CA2AP that was developed in 1993 and the National Environmental Action Plan (NEAP) (1998-2001). The NEAP addresses the problems of air pollution under different sections such as industry, energy and mineral, and environmental health. Some of the actions that were listed in CA2AP have been completed or are in the process of underlying completion. A policy paper is presently under government review highlighting some short-term measures and for commitment from the government in-terms of policy and finance.

    1. Socio-economic Options
1 SOCIO-ECONOMIC OPTIONS
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
IMPLEMENTING

PRIORITY

 IMPLEMENTING

AGENCY
a. Introduce higher penalties for belching vehicles 

b. Lower duty for importation of essential spare parts required for Vehicle I/M

c. Study and revise the differential annual licensing fee for a pricing mechanism (taxes, duties, etc.,) for diesel-powered buses and trucks, diesel-powered cars and petrol-powered vehicles
 
 
  1. Review and rationalize duty and taxes for importation of new and reconditioned vehicles linked to polluting potential
  2. Promote Awareness among motorists and fleet owners on the benefits of regular vehicle maintenance
  3. Develop and implement public awareness campaign and publish air pollution index in all media 

Short term

Long term
 
 

Short term
 
 
 
 
 
 

Short term
 
 

Short Term
 
 

Long Term

 CMT/Police 

MoF

MTH/MoF
 
 
 
 
 
 

CEA/MTH/MoF
 
 
 
 

MoF&E/CEA/CMT/CPC

MoF&E/CEA

 
    1. Technical Options
1 VEHICLE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE (I/M)
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING

PRIORITY

 IMPLEMENTING

AGENCY
a. Introduce Smoke Meters to Police

b. Develop, construct and operate Vehicle Testing Centre for I/M Program;

c. Initiate Voluntary Inspections

d. Tighten Inspection Standards 
Short Term

Short Term
Short term
Short term
 		CEA/Police/CMT

CMT
 
 

CEA/CMT

Police/CMT

 
 
2 FUEL REFORMULATION, PRICING AND FLEET MIX
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
IMPLEMENTING

PRIORITY

 IMPLEMENTING

AGENCY
LEAD IN PETROL a. Achieve 100% target of unleaded gasoline.

b. Reduce lead additives to 0.15 grams per litre, while ensuring that the total mass addition is maintained at or below present levels
 
 

 REDUCE DIESEL PROPORTION OF VEHICLE MIX c. Analyse and introduce alternative pricing structure to achieve lower diesel share with minimal social cost, while protecting public transport and carriage of goods and services
  SULPHUR IN DIESEL FUEL d. Expand hydrodesulfurization capacity (lower average to 0.5S) to enable island-wide supply if refinery economics permit and the availability of gasoline

e. Further expand Hydrosulfurization (Lower average to 0.3S)
 
 
 
 

Short-term
 
 
 
 

Short term
 
 
 
 
 
 

Short term
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Short term
 
 
 
 

Long term

 CPC 
 
 

CPC 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

CPC 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

CPC 
 
 
 
 

CPC
3 STANDARD SETTING
RECOMMENDED ACTION IMPLEMENT'G

PRIORITY

 IMPLEMENT'G

AGENCY
MOTOR VEHICLES a. Formulate standards for emissions from vehicles, beginning with standards for 2-stroke motor cycles

b. Formulate engine specification standards for import of vehicles based on combustion efficiency, power, fuel efficiency, etc. E.g. Require imported vehicles to meet standards (for the given model) in the export country
 
 

 INDUSTRIAL UNITS AND POWER PLANTS c. Set emission standards for existing and new industrial and power plants
  		Short term
 
 

Short-term
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Short term 
 
 
 
 

CEA/CMT
 
 

CMT
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

CEA

 
 
4 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY COMPLIANCE
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING

PRIORITY

 IMPLEMENTING

AGENCY
a. Establish the following institutional framework: 

International co-operation and environmental policy; Co-ordination of the implementation of air quality management system
 
 
  1. Expedite the enactment of regulations under the Motor Traffic Act, to include engine condition as a criterion for the issuing of a Fitness Certificate for the purpose of obtaining a Revenue License. 
  2. Develop the infrastructure and facilities for regular smoke and pollution checks. 
  3. Strengthen laboratory facilities and capabilities at the ITI, NBRO and CEA to monitor ambient air and source emissions 
  4. Require CEA to develop air quality monitoring and modelling systems
  5. Strengthen Police Department (Traffic) through appropriate training programmes to enhance their capacities to strictly enforce the above
  6. Develop capacities at the CEA to serve as a referral laboratory 2000 onwards
  7. Enact legislation to require imported vehicles to meet specific standards (for the given model year).
 Short term
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Short term
 
 
 
 
 
 

Long term
 
 

Long term
 
 

Long term
 
 
 
 

Long term
 
 

Short term
 
 

Short term

 M/F&E & CEA
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

CMT/

Traffic Police
 
 
 
 

CMT
 
 

ITI/NBRO/CEA
 
 

CEA
 
 
 
 

Police/CEA
 
 

CEA
 
 

CMT
5 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
RECOMMENDED ACTIONS IMPLEMENTING

PRIORITY

 IMPLEMENTING

AGENCY
  1. Study and implement measures to improving traffic flow and improved transportation planning
  2. Conduct a comprehensive study to investigate a long-term vehicular air pollution management programme 
 Long term 

Long term

 MTH/UDA 

CEA/MTH